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Subjects · Leaving Cert Economics

Leaving Cert Economics: National income measures

How often National income measures comes up on the Economics papers, every year it was asked, and questions to try.

HL Asked on 4 of the last 5 Higher Level papers, most recently in 2025. most years

OL Asked on 3 of the last 5 Ordinary Level papers, most recently in 2025. most years

National income measures, Higher Level(8 marks)

Quick ones on National income measures.

(a)GDP plus net factor income from abroad equals…
  1. GNI*
  2. GNP
  3. Net exports
(b)Why is Ireland's net factor income from abroad strongly negative?
  1. Ireland pays no interest on its debt
  2. Irish emigrants send money home
  3. Multinationals send large profits abroad
(c)Why is GNI* (modified GNI) a better measure of the Irish economy than GDP?
  1. It strips out multinational distortions
  2. It counts only government spending
  3. It includes all multinational profits
Show the answers

(a) GNP

(b) Multinationals send large profits abroad

(c) It strips out multinational distortions

Your turn: Higher Level questions on National income measures.

Higher Level

Asked on 4 of the last 5 Higher Level papers, most recently in 2025. most years

Every paper, year by year

YearWhere it came up
2025Q12
2024Q10, Q11
2023Q10
2022Not asked
2021Q15

Links open the State Examinations Commission’s paper for that year.

More National income measures questions

National income measures, 2 marks

A country's GDP is €250bn and its population is 5 million. What is GDP per person?

  1. €5,000
  2. €500,000
  3. €50,000
Show the answer

€50,000

€250,000,000,000 ÷ 5,000,000 = €50,000. Per-person figures allow comparison of living standards between countries of different sizes.

National income measures, 2 marks

Real GDP measures output…

  1. Including an estimate of the hidden economy
  2. At constant prices, removing the effect of inflation
  3. At current prices, including the effect of inflation
Show the answer

At constant prices, removing the effect of inflation

Nominal GDP can rise just because prices rise. Real GDP values output at base-year prices, so it shows the true change in the volume of output.

National income measures, 3 marks

Which is included in this year's GDP?

  1. A new house built this year
  2. A second-hand car sold between neighbours
  3. A State pension payment
Show the answer

A new house built this year

GDP counts new output produced in the period. Used goods were counted when first made, and pensions are transfers, not payments for output.

Ordinary Level

Asked on 3 of the last 5 Ordinary Level papers, most recently in 2025. most years

Every paper, year by year

YearWhere it came up
2025Q5
2024Q9
2023Q6
2022Not asked
2021Not asked

Links open the State Examinations Commission’s paper for that year.

More National income measures questions

National income measures, 2 marks

GDP stands for?

  1. Gross Development Percentage
  2. General Domestic Price
  3. Gross Domestic Product
Show the answer

Gross Domestic Product

GDP is the total value of goods and services produced within a country in a year, whoever owns the firms producing them.

National income measures, 2 marks

Using the expenditure method, Y = C + I + G + X minus?

  1. T (taxes)
  2. M (imports)
  3. S (savings)
Show the answer

M (imports)

Total spending on Irish output is consumption, investment, government spending and exports, minus imports, because spending on imports buys goods made abroad.

National income measures, 3 marks

C = €60bn, I = €20bn, G = €30bn, X = €90bn, M = €80bn. GDP by expenditure is?

  1. €120bn
  2. €280bn
  3. €200bn
Show the answer

€120bn

GDP = C + I + G + X - M = 60 + 20 + 30 + 90 - 80 = €120bn. Imports are taken away because they were produced abroad.

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