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Subjects · Leaving Certificate

Leaving Cert Biology

What has come up on the Biology papers (2016–2026), topic by topic, with step-by-step practice at Higher Level and Ordinary Level.

Higher Level Ordinary Level

Biology, Higher Level(6 marks)

Three quick ones from the Biology topics that come up most.

(a)Monomers of proteins?
  1. Fatty acids
  2. Amino acids
  3. Nucleotides
(b)Longest phase of the cell cycle?
  1. Anaphase
  2. Metaphase
  3. Interphase
(c)The place where an organism lives?
  1. Habitat
  2. Population
  3. Niche
Show the answers

(a) Amino acids

(b) Interphase

(c) Habitat

Your turn: pick the answer for each one.

Higher Level

520 flash cards and 252 step-by-step drill questions at Higher Level.

What comes up

How many of the last 10 Biology Higher Level papers asked each topic.

TopicAskedLast seenHow often
Ecology banker10 of 102026
Plant reproduction banker10 of 102026
Fungi banker10 of 102026
Respiration banker10 of 102026
Genetics banker10 of 102026
Cell continuity banker10 of 102026
Photosynthesis banker10 of 102026
Biomolecules banker10 of 102026
Cells banker9 of 102026
DNA banker9 of 102026
Enzymes banker9 of 102026
Human reproduction banker9 of 102026
Food banker9 of 102026
Movement through membranes banker9 of 102026

More topics: Plant responses, Scientific method, Plant structure, Excretion, Skeleton & muscles, Circulation, Nervous system, Breathing, Ecology field study, Endocrine system, Human nutrition, Immune system, Plant transport, Viruses, Bacteria, Evolution, Senses, Food tests, Genetic engineering, Blood, Characteristics of life, Protista.

These counts come from the 2016–2026 papers. June 2027 is the first exam on the new Biology specification, so read them as a guide to the core topics; the app follows the course for the June you sit.

Try three

Cell continuity, 2 marks

A cell with one set of chromosomes is?

  1. Diploid
  2. Triploid
  3. Haploid
Show the answer

Haploid

Written as n, e.g. human gametes have 23 chromosomes. Fertilisation joins two haploid gametes to restore the diploid (2n) number.

Genetics, 2 marks

A change in the amount or structure of DNA?

  1. Translation
  2. Mutation
  3. Replication
Show the answer

Mutation

Mutations can be caused by mutagens like radiation, or happen by chance. They are the source of new alleles and the variation evolution needs.

Plant reproduction, 2 marks

A period of rest before a seed germinates?

  1. Dormancy
  2. Dispersal
  3. Pollination
Show the answer

Dormancy

It lets the seed survive bad conditions like winter and germinate when conditions suit, and gives time for dispersal.

Practise Biology HL free

Ordinary Level

344 flash cards and 151 step-by-step drill questions at Ordinary Level.

What comes up

How many of the last 10 Biology Ordinary Level papers asked each topic.

TopicAskedLast seenHow often
Ecology banker10 of 102026
Genetics banker10 of 102026
Plant structure banker10 of 102026
Respiration banker10 of 102026
Human reproduction banker10 of 102026
Photosynthesis banker10 of 102026
Plant reproduction banker9 of 102026
Cells banker9 of 102026
Circulation banker9 of 102026
Biomolecules banker9 of 102026
Food banker9 of 102026
Skeleton & muscles banker9 of 102026
Enzymes most years8 of 102026
Human nutrition most years8 of 102026

More topics: DNA, Endocrine system, Bacteria, Breathing, Movement through membranes, Nervous system, Ecology field study, Excretion, Fungi, Senses, Cell continuity, Scientific method, Evolution, Viruses, Immune system, Plant responses, Plant transport, Blood, Food tests, Genetic engineering, Protista.

These counts come from the 2016–2026 papers. June 2027 is the first exam on the new Biology specification, so read them as a guide to the core topics; the app follows the course for the June you sit.

Try three

Ecology, 3 marks

All the members of one species living in a habitat make up?

  1. A community
  2. An ecosystem
  3. A population
Show the answer

A population

Population is one species only. The community is all the different populations in the habitat added together.

Genetics, 3 marks

An organism with two identical genes for a trait, such as TT, is described as?

  1. Haploid
  2. Homozygous
  3. Heterozygous
Show the answer

Homozygous

Homo means same, hetero means different. Homozygous is also called pure-breeding.

Respiration, 3 marks

Energy released in respiration is stored in the cell in which molecule?

  1. ATP
  2. DNA
  3. Starch
Show the answer

ATP

ATP is the cell's usable energy currency. It is made in the mitochondria and spent wherever the cell needs energy.

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